Matrix is an open standard for decentralized, real-time communication. The protocol is defined by the Matrix.org Foundation and provides a federated messaging infrastructure where anyone can run their own server while communicating with users on other servers.
Matrix supports text messaging, voice, video, and file sharing through a unified protocol. The reference implementation is Synapse (server) and Element (client).
Matrix in WebRTC
Matrix uses WebRTC for its voice and video calling capabilities. When a Matrix user initiates a call, signaling is handled through Matrix’s own messaging protocol rather than SIP or XMPP. The actual media flows over standard WebRTC – SRTP for media, ICE/STUN/TURN for connectivity.
For group calls, Matrix developed MatrixRTC – a decentralized conferencing protocol and implementation that uses an SFU architecture while preserving federation. Element Call is the primary implementation of MatrixRTC. In the past, MatrixRTC relied on Jitsi, though today it has moved to using LiveKit.
Matrix is notable in the WebRTC ecosystem as an open, federated alternative to proprietary signaling protocols. It is usually adopted by those looking for a full fledged messaging/unified communications solution than just pure signaling for voice and video calling.
